People today freely use The Internet Essay

People today freely use The Internet, E-mail, and Online Messaging to communicate with other people. It’s a great way to talk to loved ones who live far away, conduct business, and just have fun with friends, but there is a downside. People who we don’t know can obtain information about us by tracking e-mails and messages and unless these things are encrypted, everything we write can be pulled up and used against us. That is why people who use the Internet need to be much more aware of their online privacy and security. The Internet started in 1969 by the U. S. overnment. They wanted a communication system that couldn’t be destroyed in the event of an emergency. It consisted of four computers linked together called DARPANET. In the 1970’s people found that they could use this system to send messages between the computers to get to other people. More and more people started using this system and by the end of the 70’s, it was international. The earliest found company to use instant messaging was Mirabilis in November of 1996. Instant messaging is like a telephone conversation done between two people on the computer in real time. Popular companies that have instant messaging are AOL, Yahoo, and NET Messenger Service. E-mail or Electronic Mail is a way of composing, sending, and receiving messages over the computer. E-mail started in 1965, which means it actually began before the Internet and in fact helped start the Internet. First e-mail was used for multiple users to communicate through a mainframe computer. Now even though the government does not have control over the Internet in present day, they can still monitor what individuals are writing especially after September 11th. â€Å"The Sept. 1 terrorists relied heavily on the Internet, and the hijackers appear to have plotted their carnage using Yahoo e-mail. † The FBI believes they can now catch suspected terrorists by looking at suspicious email, but what constitutes suspicious? They have developed a program called Carnivore that looks through e-mail to find suspicious information. But, critics of this are not so sure of it’s benefits becau se it can be used to look for keywords such as â€Å"hijack† in mass amounts of e-mails, and whenever it finds an e-mail or message that has that word the FBI is entitled to read that message. If someone is just asking another person through e-mail about the current terrorist situation will that set off an alarm with the FBI and now that person’s e-mails will be tracked? Very possibly. The PATRIOT (Provide Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism) Act provides investigators with more flexibility to pursue interception of e-mail messages, and monitoring of Web surfing and other PC-based communications. But does the general public believe that that government should have the right to look into private e-mails if they could catch a terrorist by doing it? According to a survey of PCWorld. m, â€Å"a total of 60 percent said they had serious concerns about giving the government more access to personal e-mail while 38 percent said they had little or no concern. † While the government and FBI feel that this is a completely legitimate way to weed out the terrorists in America, many others find it a complete invasion of privacy. This isn’t only a government vs. he people issue. As of 2004, â€Å"1 in 5 companies has had employees’ electronic messages subpoenaed in the course of a lawsuit or regulatory investigation† and â€Å"another 13 percent of 840 companies surveyed this year have battled workplace lawsuits triggered by employee e-mail. This means that private emails being sent while at work can be retrieved and used against a person in a court of law. The right to privacy is completely being revoked in these situations. That is why Americans need to be more aware of how to protect their privacy and there are ways to do this. First is by looking at the actual disclaimers that most people just sign without actually reading. American Online or AOL and Yahoo are two major providers of both e-mail and instant messaging. Looking into what their privacy policies are, you find this. Your AIM information consists of personally identifiable information collected or received about you when you register. Your AIM information may be shared within AOL and its business divisions. Your AIM information, including the contents of your online communications, may be accessed and disclosed in response to legal process (for example, a court order, search warrant or subpoena), or in other circumstances in which AOL has a good faith belief that AIM or AOL are being used for unlawful purposes. AOL may also access or disclose your AIM information when necessary to protect the rights or property of AIM or AOL, or in special cases such as a threat to your safety or that of others. (http://www. aol. com/info/p_privacy. adp. ) Yahoo’s disclaimer is similar saying that â€Å"Yahoo! collects personally identifiable information when you register for a Yahoo! account,† and â€Å"we reasonably believe it is necessary to share information in order to investigate, prevent, or take action regarding illegal activities. Basically both are stating that, for the most part, our privacies are protected unless there is a need to look at the e-mails or messages being sent. That is a big but though. People should read that and decipher that the government or business we work at could basically make up a story as to why they need to read an email and both of these e-mail companies would have to comply. That really isn’t protecting us. At least we should know ahead of time though that these are the company policies so it shouldn’t come as a surprise if our privacy was breached. This brings us to the concept of encryption. â€Å"Chances are that nobody is watching the data you send out, but unless the information is over a secure (encrypted) connection, you can’t be reasonably sure that it’s safe. † The definition of encryption is â€Å"the process of encoding information in such a way that only the person (or computer) with the key can decode it. † There are different encryption systems, but essentially two computers have secret codes that hold the key to decoding the messages sent between them. So if a message is encrypted, only your friend’s computer will be able to read what you sent to them. Does this type of security interest the common person? It definitely should and is quite easy to obtain. There are messenger services that provide e-mail and instant messaging. One is called Hushmail, which includes encryption enhancements. All you have to do is sign up for it just like you would Yahoo! or AOL and the only downside is that storage space is limited. But the option is out there for people to choose safety over unnecessary storage. Yahoo! nd AOL are the trusted and most used e-mail and instant message companies so most people just subscribe to these two, but really need to research what else is out there in regards to encrypted messaging companies like Hushmail. Customers of AOL though can upgrade to AIM 5. 2, which uses encrypted messages. Yahoo! on the other hand only has a form of encryption. The â€Å"system sends the message unprotected to Yahoo’s server. The recipient is given a URL to view the document on an SSL-protected web page. † Consumers feel this is a weak link because the message is still being sent without it being secure, but it is a step forward. There are other simple general steps that a consumer should do or at least think about before signing onto an e-mailing system. One is to always know the software that you are downloading onto your computer. Many programs appear to be legitimate, but they really just want to get your information and use it for bad reasons that veer into your personal privacy. Also, if a person shares a computer with many people, like a college library system, that person needs to make sure they clear their passwords and personal information before leaving their seat. And basically people just need to be more suspicious. Even though that’s a bad outlook, if you’re messages are not encrypted, then you need to be more aware of what you’re writing. If you think it could be construed in a negative way, then you shouldn’t send it over an unprotected system that could one-day work against you. In conclusion, â€Å"although companies and other entities operating in the online or electronic commerce environment have a responsibility to ensure the privacy of personally identifiable information online, the Online Privacy Alliance believes that consumers also have a role to play. Consumers should look for privacy policies on the web sites they visit as well as be aware of the various self-enforcement mechanisms currently available. †After the tragedy of September 11th, the government does need to do certain things in order to further protect our country against another attack, but this shouldn’t mean attacking American’s privacy and security. Americans shouldn’t have to live in constant fear of Big Brother looking into our personal letters and messages to loved ones and friends, and also shouldn’t be afraid that some things being said are going to be taken the wrong way. That is the opposite of making us feel more secure and safe because that basically means we’re being attacked from within our own government. Saying that, there are many things that we, as consumers, are responsible for knowing what is out there to give us more security. There is encryption and the big companies out there that provide e-mail and instant messaging are getting on board and providing encrypted programs for us to use. We should also be responsible enough to actually read all disclaimers that we usually don’t bother to read so that we are not shocked when we learn that the government just looked at our private message to someone. It’s hard as one person to fight something like Carnivore, but we can do simple things like read disclaimers, be smart about what e-mail programs we subscribe to and be safe and responsible when we are on the Internet.

Afam Studies

Michelle Fleming AFAM Ch 18 Questions 1. Explain why and how some of the New Deal programs, like the AAA and the Civilian Conservation Corps, were discriminatory. The New Deal marked an important shift in the American electoral landscape as significant numbers of African Americans gave their votes to Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Democratic Party for the first time, establishing a political loyalty that has endured for roughly seventy years. New Deal recovery and relief programs rapidly became a central element in blacks' endeavors to survive the harsh economic realities of the Depression.One of these programs, the Civilian Conservation Corps, provided more than a quarter of a million young black men with jobs and was consequently another arena in which the black community waged the struggle for greater equality. Although policy prohibited discrimination, blacks and other minorities encountered numerous difficulties in the CCC. In the early years of the program, some camps were integ rated. By 1935, however, there was, in the words of CCC director Fechner, a â€Å"complete segregation of colored and white enrollees,† but â€Å"segregation is not discrimination. At its peak, more than 250,000 African Americans were enrolled in nearly 150 all-black CCC company. 2. What was the effect of the Social Security Act on African Americans? How did that program reveal that whites often wanted to keep poor white women and blacks in subservient positions? The Social Security Act excluded those job categories blacks traditionally filled. â€Å"Negro Work† such as garbage collection, working in foundries, or domestic service was seen as jobs for blacks; now desperate whites used terror and intimidation of get employers to fire blacks so whites could have those jobs . How did African Americans survive the Great Depression? The depression hit African Americans hard. While many African Americans were already living in poverty, white employers felt no reservations a bout firing their black workers first and by 1932 more than half of African Americans were out of the jobs. Racial tensions grew as economic tensions mounted; lynching's in the south saw a huge resurgence. â€Å"Although there were many inequities in the New Deal housing, agricultural and economic programs, blacks had opportunities to obtain employment, some in areas previously closed to them.Black writers, for example, participated in the New Deal's writing projects, while other black Americans interviewed former slaves for the Works Project Administration (WPA)† 3. What was the NAACP role during the 1920s through the 1940s? NAACP’s anti-lynching campaign of the 1930s combined widespread publicity about the causes and costs of lynching, a successful drive to defeat Supreme Court nominee John J. Parker for his white supremacist and anti-union views and then defeat senators who voted for confirmation, and a skillful effort to lobby Congress and the Roosevelt administrat ion to pass a federal anti-lynching law.Southern senators filibustered, but they could not prevent the formation of a national consensus against lynching; by 1938 the number of lynching’s declined steeply. Through the 1930s and much of the 1940s, the NAACP initiated suits that dismantled aspects of the edifice of segregated education, each building on the precedent of the previous one. Not until the late 1940s did the NAACP believe it politically feasible to challenge directly the constitutionality of â€Å"separate but equal† education itself. . What did the â€Å"Scottsboro Boys† case illustrate about society? What role did racism play? The case of the Scottsboro Boys shows the deep seated, racist, white fear of the alleged black male rapist, in this case in the guise of youth. It showed the power of this fear to, override evidence and reason in the determination of guilt and innocence. The issue was neither guilt nor innocence; rather, it maintained white sup remacy and the repression of black freedom.Nevertheless, the concerted efforts to undo the wrongs against the Scottsboro Boys contributed significantly to the ongoing African-American struggle and the interrelated struggle to defeat Jim Crow 5. What was the role of the Communist Party during the 1920s and 1930s. Why did some blacks find communism appealing? How did the communists affect civil rights activism? During the 1930's, the Communist Party was heavily involved in the struggles of the people which arose during the Depression. Communists advocated for unemployment insurance, the right to organize, and for Social Security.The Communist Party attracted some blacks because it consistently renounced racism, worked on economic issues, and pursued legal equity and social justice for blacks. Ch 19 Questions 7. How did the Chicago Renaissance differ from the Harlem Renaissance? 8. How did African Americans create and employ popular culture to counteract negative stereotypes of black p eople? 9. How did music create a bridge between blacks and whites? 10. How did radio allow African Americans to get their music heard? 11. How did Hollywood films portray African American men and women during the 1930s and 1940s? 2. How did the images of African Americans in film and radio affect white attitudes and behavior toward blacks? 13. Why did black athletes become prominent during the 1930s and 1940s? 14. Explain what the Tuskegee Experiment was, who was responsible for the study, how did it reflect racism in America, and how did it then and now affect the attitudes of African Americans in regard to trusting the health care industry? You may need to review video clips on YouTube on this subject to gather information. Assessment

Businesses Operating in Market Conditions Samples for Students.

Businesses operating in market conditions can have positive or negative results. The reason for failure can be the assertion of short-term goals to the detriment of long-term, emphasizing short-term performance and profit, regardless of market development, meaning thereby the non-existence of a marketing plan. A quality marketing plan is a basic prerequisite for efficient marketing, ensuring the integration of all marketing activities and assisting in the creation of favorable conditions for succeeding in the marketplace. The need for effective planning in services has long been clear. In 1975 Chisnall pointed to the growth of the services sector and emphasized that it is necessary to devote greater attention to measuring inputs and outputs, as well as an evaluation of the efficiency of resources. He underlined the significance of certain marketing methods for improving the firm, as well as marketing research, strategic planning, and marketing management. At the same time, he mention ed that in services and unwillingness to develop or constructive and market-oriented approach towards a marketing plan is common. The marketing plan is the component of the business plan. The yearly plan concerns marketing objectives and strategies for a product, product range, development of the bank for one year, while the long-term marketing plan concerns a period of two to five years. The creation of the marketing plan is understated as a strategic process, where this is based on information and activities. The result is the marketing plan, which is realized and monitored in connection with the results achieved Identifying your competitors: The first step in conducting a competitor analysis is to identify your competitors. Begin this process by considering the range of competition in your market-space because not all competition is the same, there are different types of competitors your organization will face. Finding your competitors: Who are your competitors? How do you find them? Not only are there advanced search tools available to assist you in finding competitors, but their motivation to have a high profile on the Internet makes it impossible for competitors to hide from your searching efforts. So, the most logical and best place to start looking for as each competitor is identified, visit their Web site and form some initial impressions about how much of a major competitor they are. Your focus here is on same or similar target markets, products, and value propositions; don't let a flashy Web site convince you that this is a major competitor when the value proposition is all wrong. Cr eating a competitor analysis grid (or use the one provided above): With a list of competitors in hand, the next step is to conduct a methodical analysis of their strengths and weaknesses. Step one — identify why a customer would want to buy your product/service. Step Two: segment your overall market. Places are increasingly at risk - as a result of the change in the global economic, political and technological environment. Places are increasingly at risk - as a result of the inevitable process of urban evolution and decay. Places are facing a growing number of competitors in their efforts to attract scarce resources. Places have to rely increasingly on their own local resources to face growing competition. A major factor in determining the profitability of any product is establishing a base price. There are three methods of setting a product’s base price: This approach is common to new businesses, especially if their founder is rather inexperienced in marketing analysis, and/or has a strong passion – even an obsession – about providing a certain product or service. He bases his belief almost entirely on his or her own perception, even though there is sometimes no verified evidence of a market for the product or service. In this approach, the founder of the product or service: When you do your promotion planning (as part of your strategic planning) - the basic questions to ask are: Who do we want to communicate with? Why do we want to communicate with them? What do we want to communicate with them about? What is the best way to communicate with them? How much will this strategy cost? What is our budget for this? How will we know if we have been successful? In order to assess where the bank is at present, detailed information concerning both the past state, as well as present state is necessary. Costs, revenues and profits achieved are analyzed over time for the longer-term period. It is best to compare the development of our own bank with the most influential competitor. It is also suitable to analyze the development of comparable products with those of the competition. An analysis of the results achieved is performed for the bank as a whole, or also according to individual market segments (for example by age group). A detailed analysis of the results achieved helps in setting realistic marketing objectives, which represents the second stage of planning. Further information is necessary for elaborating marketing implementation so that it is possible to adopt corrective measures in the control phase (Veresovà ¡, 2002). Peter Drucker identified the following fields for objectives setting: Marketing objectives usually have the form of expected results in specific market segments and also for the market as a whole. According to McDonald, they cover these fields volume of sales, market share, profit, customer objectives and marketing expenses (Selecting target market, 2017). Banks must consider how they will manage individual productivity for achieving their objectives. It is necessary to ensure balance in the growth of earnings, the cash flow, and the risk. With a growth or decline in the range of services and with a change in the market the overall nature of the business portfolio changes. Various portfolio models serve for solving this question, and which have the form of matrices and depict the external and internal business environment. For an estimate of the attractiveness for individual strategic units, we can use5 the growth share or matrix created by the Boston Consulting Group, which gives precedence to the flow of incomes over other criteria. Among the most known multi-factor models are also the portfolio matrices of the firm McKinsey and Shell, often known as the matrices of market attractiveness and business strengths. Another model is the General Electric model, which works with the factors market attractiveness and the competitive position of the bank. In this model, the attractiveness of the market influences the size and speed of market growth, competitive behavior, gross profit achieved and sensitivity to economic fluctuations (Lynn, 2011). The competitive position of the firm is expressed by the share of the bank in their overall market, customer loyalty, and the nature of the distribution system and the level of expenses. An evaluation of the portfolio helps managers to set objectives and strategy which are in accordance with the possibilities and abilities of the business. These approaches, however, have their limitations. One of their greatest weaknesses is the difficulty of defining other boundaries of the business activities and the general assumption that the market share always has a positive correlation with the return on investments - thereby ignoring the fact that also small business subjects operating in a gap in the market can achieve high a rate of return on investments. Portfolio models are of great benefit for planning for the marketing strategy, though only where all risks are known (Metaxas, 2005). The aim of marketing programs is to ensure that the practical realization of the marketing strategies adopted. This includes a delegation of rights and responsibilities of individual employees, as well as the distribution of available financial resources. Marketing programs, like marketing objectives and strategies, should fulfill certain requirements. Each program must clearly define the resources, as well as the time schedule. Before actually realizing a program it is necessary to set out a detailed marketing budget including expenses and the deployment of resources (The Marketing Plan, 2017). The budget is created similarly as in the case of an advertisement either through an annual increase/decrease or through the more appropriate method according to first chosen objectives. The role of the marketing program is to prioritize marketing activities, dividing these into important marketing activities, partial steps, and tactical tasks. Part of this is also the preparation of time pla ns stipulating the limits for fulfilling key tasks. It may also be evaluated at regular meetings, for example as part of the monthly cycle. A useful aid for ascertaining differences between the actual and the target state is discrepancy analysis. This is a measure of the success of a marketing plan in ensuring the desired business objectives. It is most often used in the case of revenues and profitability but also can serve as the evaluation of other variables, for example, the return on investments etc. The idea of assessing alternative mixes is to find the most appropriate marketing strategy prior to beginning implementation of the plan. In the assessment, various analytical approaches can be used or simple methods on the basis of trial and error. The next step is setting alternative or backup plans. Since we cannot elaborate an alternative plan for every case, we should evaluate the influence of various groups of assumptions and find areas of greatest risk (Ghauri and Cateora, 2011). As results from Kotler’s research in 75 firms operating in the services fields, many of the control systems are inadequate. Berkowitz cites as the most frequent reasons for the failure of the marketing plan as10: From the above, it results that the marketing plan is becoming an important aid and tool for asserting the bank in the marketplace. It contains information necessary for managing and making well-grounded decisions. Its advantage is its comprehensiveness, therefore it is essential that all employees get acquainted with it. Every employee must recognize that as long as the bank as a whole prospers and that employees have the same objectives and through joint efforts achieve good results, this, in the end, will mean certainty in life also for employees. Ghauri, P. and Cateora, P. (2011). International Marketing.  Edinburgh Business School. [online] Available at: https://www.ebsglobal.net/EBS/media/EBS/PDFs/International-Marketing-Course-Taster.pdf [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017]. Lynn, M. (2011). Segmenting and Targeting Your Market: Strategies and Limitations.  School of Hotel Administration Collection. [online] Available at: https://scholarship.sha.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1238&context=articles [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017]. Metaxas, T. (2005). Market research and target market segmentation.  Department of planning and regional department, [online] 38. Available at: https://www.prd.uth.gr/uploads/discussion_papers/2005/uth-prd-dp-2005-03_en.pdf [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017]. OTIENO, F. (2017). The Roles of Monitoring and Evaluation in Projects. [online] Available at: https://www.irbnet.de/daten/iconda/CIB8942.pdf [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017]. Schnaith, P. (2011). The Implementation of Marketing Programs for New Target Segments.  I S S E R T A T I O N of the University of St. Gallen, School of Management. [online] Available at: https://www1.unisg.ch/www/edis.nsf/SysLkpByIdentifier/3979/$FILE/dis3979.pdf [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017]. Selecting target market. (2017). [online] Available at: https://agrilifecdn.tamu.edu/cromptonrpts/files/2011/06/Full-Text14.pdf [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017]. Strategic evaluation and control. (2013).  Undergraduate Strategic Management. [online] Available at: https://web.idv.nkmu.edu.tw/~hgyang/Module9.pdf [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017]. The Marketing Plan. (2017).  MARKETING PLAN OUTLINE. [online] Available at: https://www.sbdc.umb.edu/pdfs/marketing_plan.pdf [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017]. Veresovà ¡, E. (2002). MARKETING PLAN.  Economic Focus. [online] Available at: https://www.nbs.sk/_img/Documents/BIATEC/BIA08_02/14_18.pdf [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017]. Looking for an answer 'who will do my essay for cheap',

Anxiety Disorders Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Anxiety Disorders - Term Paper Example isorder, acute stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, and panic disorder (Soggie, 2008). Furthermore, there are adjustment disorders with attributes of anxiety, anxiety disorders because of substance-induced anxiety disorders, residual form of anxiety disorder, and common medical conditions (Soggie, 2008). Anxiety disorders are ever-present across different societies. In general, the indications of an acute stress disorder manifest during or soon after the trauma. These severe traumatic episodes include brutal physical attack or rape, fatal accidents, and witnessing violence (Stein & Hollander, 2002). The indication of dissociation, which manifests an evident disconnection of the mind from the body or emotional form, is a vital issue (Stein & Hollander, 2002). Moreover, dissociation is distinguished by a perception of the world as an illusory or surreal place and may come along with poor recollection of the particular episodes, which is extreme form is recognized as dissociative amnesia (Soggie, 2008). If the behavioral disorders and symptoms of the acute stress disorder continue for more than a month, and if these characteristics are accompanied by severe trauma or functional injury to the victim, the diagnosis is transformed to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Soggie, 2008). Due to the more chronic feature of post-traumatic stress disorder, several changes, such as hopelessness, decreased self-worth, difficulties in professional and/or personal relationships, and a sense of being irreversibly damaged, are commonly discerned (Soggie, 2008). Substance abuse usually arises, particularly involving sedative-hypnotic drugs, marijuana, and alcohol (Stein & Hollander, 2002). Women who are crime victims, particularly rape, torture, and others, are the most prone to PTSD. In general, among those exposed to severe distress, roughly 9% experience the disorder (Stein & Hollander,

Phonetics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Phonetics - Assignment Example Contrary, a monophthong is a pure vowel sound whose articulation at the beginning and the end is comparatively fixed. In his research, Yousef candidly states that Arabic is currently the world’s 2nd most spoken language considering the large number of people who speak it all over the world. Disparagingly, it has received less attention from researchers and scholars and little has been done in reference to its acoustics. The (MSA)Modern Standard Arabic has two diphthongs -/ay/ Ø £Ã™Å "" , with the glide beginning from the vowel /a/ to consonant /y/ as evident in the word /bayt/Ø ¨Ã™Å Ã˜ ª. The second diphthong is -/aw/ "Ø £Ã™Ë†" where the glide begins from /a/ to /w/ as in / nawm / (sleep) (Odisho, 2005). Noteworthy, its diphthongs are a combination of consonant and vowel. Moreover, further research indicates that it is Lebanese dialect that is conserving the original pronunciations having /e/ and /o/ as the only diphthongs. The other dialects within Arabic have been tainted with dialectical speeches and do not preserve this original articulation but contain the aforementioned diphthongs. English has eight diphthongs divided into two; centering and closing diphthongs. Centering diphthongs end with a glide -/É ªÃ‰â„¢/ towards /É™/, the central vowel. At the beginning of the glide, the tongue position is at /I/ and moves towards /É™/ as found in ‘beer’. Other centering diphthongs are -/ÊŠÉ™/ and -/ eÉ™/ as found in ‘sure’ and ‘chair’ respectively. The closing diphthongs end with a slither towards / ÊŠ/ or /i/. Such diphthongs include -/ei/, -/É”É ª/, -/ai/, -/əʊ/ and -/aÊŠ/ (Odisho, 2005). Moreover, the MSA and English have monophthongs that are at times confused or merged with diphthongs. MSA stands out with only 3 monophthongs as indicated in figure 1 below. Arabic depends on the 3 monophthongs in all its constructions and this indicate why the language is sometimes perceived to be limited in application although a

Fundamentals of Decision Support Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fundamentals of Decision Support - Essay Example Some more problems arise which may be linked with increasing the size of the facility. Consequently the cost of operation of the facility will shoot creating another problem. Industry siting may be regulated the existing state regulations’ and local laws. ‘This imposes another problem due the technique of increasing the size of the facility in each region in order curb diseconomies of scale. (Watzlawik) Completion for raw materials by other companies which are related to plastic manufacturing company may also impose another threat. In this case growth of different facilities in different regions may be returded. (Michael, 2009) Technological change can also affect manufacturing and also the utilization of the plastic product hence affecting the growth of plastic manufacturing companies in different regions The increase in the size of the company or organisation leads to the overload of management team due to large scale operations which draw the attention of the managers all through. (Guttmann, Michael, & John). A larger number of employees are employed which requires maximum supervision to ensure smooth operation of the company. Managers should ensure that company resources and materials are not wasted. As a result of overworked management, minimal supervision and control of staff operation emerges leading to laxity of cost of production control. Scale enlargement of the facility in an region of the world could lead to decreased attention on customers individual taste .goods of the same quality are produced consequently as a result of large economies of scale. Fall in demand of the plastic product follows. Hired employees controls the operation of the large sized business in absenter of the owners There usually be loss of personal interaction between the employer and employees which can later lead to staffs strikes and lack outs .This

Job security pros and cons Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Job security pros and cons - Research Paper Example Motivation combined with ability results in performance. Hence, an employee that has a secure job is more likely to be more productive and perform well. Job security gives a level of satisfaction to the employees and gives them a sense of belonging in the organization. It gives them the confidence as they believe that the work they perform is making a difference to the company as a whole. This feeling makes them more loyal to the organization and leaves them with better motivation. As recession has hit most parts of the world, there is an increasing rate of unemployment due to which job security has become a more important aspect for employees due to their fear of becoming unemployed. Hence, it is not wrong to state that job security is directly related to the state of the economy. The degree of job security varies from industry to industry. Some jobs such as in education and healthcare tend to be more secure than the jobs in the private sector. Having a secure job allows individuals to focus more on expanding their skills and learning more as they do not have to worry about the consequences of minor errors if any. It avoids the formation of unions and other parties that could harm the company for its actions and the workers are generally content and complacent.

POL- Basic Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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Shawshank Redemption | Organizational Behaviour

Shawshank Redemption | Organizational Behaviour The movie I have chose in doing this assignment is Shawshank Redemption. This is a movie based on hope, friendship and strength. The Shawshank Redemption stars Tim Robbins as Andy Dufresne, he is the lead character and Morgan Freeman as Red. The original story is based on the book Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption written by Stephen King . Frank Darabont wrote the screenplay and directed the movie in 1994. This movie was released on September 1994. The purpose of doing this assignment is to relate the movie Shawshank Redemption and apply it in the field of study which is Organizational Behavior. In doing this assignment, we have to examine the main characters and their differences, personality type and attitude. We also need to observe their emotions and mood portrayed. Apart from that, we need to identify if there is any perceptual bias in this movie and whether or not they are using the decision making process model when there is a need for important decision making. Motivational theories application, teamwork effectiveness, leadership style and power tactics are also crucial subtopics in relating it with the movie. The last two part of this assignment is to study if there is any conflict in this movie and the last part is about the change tactics implemented. Analysis of Movie The director of the movie Shawshank Redemption has establish a specific quality of his work as evident in the movie. The genre of this movie as stated in internet movie database is a combination of both drama and crime thriller. This is because the movie is based on prison life and how the hero adapt to the new situation which is in the prison life after been accused of murdering his wife and her lover and this is also classified as crime thriller because the storyline of this movie centered about criminal behavior of not only the inmates but the misconduct of guards and warden as well. The Shawshank Redemption was directed by Frank Darabont based on the nove Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption by author Stephan King. This movie was made in 1994 and this movie was a 1994 motion picture adapted. This movie use a formlistic style which focused on the formal, or technical, elements of a film: i.e., the lighting, scoring, sound and set design, use of color, shot composition, and editing. The director of this movie try to make audience slowly and gradually noticed each personality or traits of each character in this movie instead of aggressively show to audience their distinct traits. The position of the camera or the angle chosen in this movie was not from a usual perspective or angle. Shawshank Redemption is one example of classical films. The cinematography of this movie is by Roger Deakin. The movie had create a dramatic impact towards the audience by their options of color filter, the color chosen for example like the scenery outside the prison covered with walls and brick enhance the colour brown and when they are in the prison cell wearing their blue uniform, the color blue appeals more attractive. This movie plays a lot with darkness and shadow. This is especially the scene when there is a violence involved for example the scene when the guards beats up the prisoners, though we cant really see it because of the low light, we can still sense the presence of violence. When the guards walks or passed by the shadows followed, this reflects their dark side characters which is violent, harsh and have no mercy. The climax of this movie does not give direct understanding to audience until the later scene, It gives audience the sense of suspend ,and the final part of this movie gives audience a feeling of surprise and excitement, after Andy had successfully escaped from the prison. Lesson Learnt from the Movie Shawshank Redemption Persistence Andy is someone who is persistent and patience in reaching a specific aim or goal. Unlike many others, Andy do not easily give up even if there is a small obstacle stopping him. Andy keeps on trying and without fail to follow up with the authorities whom he asked for the fund to expand the library until it got approved. He wrote a letter a week for many years. He tried despite the fact that the warden told him they might not give him any money and finally Andy request was granted. Another good example that can be shown from this movie is when Andy requested a rock hammer in which he intend to make a hole at his cell wall to escape through the sewage tunnel. Even though he knows it might take years or maybe decade to accomplish it he determinedly and persistently commit to it because that is the only way he could escaped and he had ,managed to do so without anybody suspicions. This is to say patience has a virtue. Look out for Opportunities make the best out of situation In this movie, Andy had used his experience as a banker to gain trust from the guards and warden so it will be easier for him to get his plan accomplished if he had already established a basic foundation which is trust from them. In one of the scene, Andy overhears the captain guards complaining to his colleague about taxes that he has to pay for upcoming inheritance that he will get. Andy then takes opportunity from this situation by offering him advice about managing the taxes so he can avoid paying the tax for the inheritance. Later on, all the guards in the prison look up for him for advice. This situation gives him advantage as he is assigned to a special task when everybody came to see him to seek advice. Andy also gain warden trust in dealing with his illegal financial matters. This gives Andy advantage as it is easier to execute his freedom plan The lesson that can be learned from here is we must look for opportunity in any difficult situation. Even in very bad circumstances, there is a way to get out of it by looking up for the options available to make the best out of the bad situation. Hope and faith Andy did not lose faith even when he was accused of murdering his and her lover and was sentenced to life imprisonment. He knew there is still hope for him that he would get out from the prison even if it took decades. Andy spent his time mostly hoping for a better future;to be free, escape from jail. He has his vision clear in mind and had planned it thoroughly. Andy starts working towards his vision the moment he first step into the prison. Andy has faith in what he is doing, this can be seen when he commits in executing the plan without anyone suspecting him. Andy also sparks hopes for Red. This is because before Red met Andy, Red has lost his hope accepting that he will never see freedom again however Andy has change Red and that he then he now have some light of hope and the sense of possibility for him to be free. Andy does not only have faith in himself but also with Tommy. Tommy is the new con that just gets in to Reds group. Tommy approaches Andy because he wants to get his GED and have heard that Andy had helped few inmates before. Andy then spends a lot of time teaching Tommy because Tommy doesnt even know how to read. It can seen clearly from this situation that Andy have faith in Tommy otherwise he wouldnt teach him and Andy hopes the best for Tommy in taking the test and at the end Tommy did pass the test with C+ though at first Tommy feels he will not pass the test and that has let Andy down after all the hard work. Hope is a fundamental basis for all future plans and dreams. Without hope, one can never believe that life can change better. Hopeful people will not easily gave up on their mission to improve the life circumstances even when there is an obstacle. Andy has also mentioned in letter he wrote to Red Remember, Red. Hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things, and no good thing ever dies. I will be hoping that this letter finds you, and finds you well. Your friend, Andy Dufresne. Success is a reward for hardship Andy is rewarded with freedom after decades of hardship. Andy had spent 19 years digging a tunnel every night to escape prison. He had carve a chess piece from the rock and the Andy hides the residual rocks in his pants and safely dispose then on the prison ground during outdoor activity. Andy quest for freedom had made him determined in doing the task given to him with hope that he get to take advantage out of every situation. When Andy had escaped from the it is like a payback for all the hardship he went through in the prison, the excitement that only a free man can feel after a long journey in which the outcome is not certain. Islamic Perspective In the movie Shawshank Redemption, we could see that there a number of Islamic values that is upheld especially by the main character Andy Dufresne. We could also see some opposing values that is highlighted in this movie. From Islamic perspective, the Islamic values that is visible are we must help those who is need and patience has a virtue. The discouraging act in this movie on the other hand is in a total disagreement with the Islamic values and principle, for example, we should not give up in life by committing suicide, we must not get involve in corruption, bribe or swindling money, we should not take someones else life on purpose. Values that is accordance to Islam in this movie ; We must help those who is in need In Islamic perspective, Allah wants us to be kind and help those who is in need without expecting any return from them. In this movie, Andy had willing to teach Tommy who is illiterate until he passes his exam. Andy is someone who is kind hearted and willing to help his friend. Patience has a virtue Patience is to be said as a condition for success and prosperity. It is shown from this movie that Andy patience is rewarded with freedom. This shows the importance of being patient and how patience can make us be a better person. Andy is patient and even in a bad situation, he remains calm. We should not give up in life by committing suicide In this movie Brooks gone crazy after known that he will be set free soon. This is because he had institutionalized. After few days out from the prison Brook had commit suicide by hanging himself with a rope because he couldnt handle freedom and think there is no life for him out there because he was in prison almost all his life. From Islamic point of view, suicide is forbidden and we must not give up in life and must have faith everything has a way out. We must pray to Allah and zikir so can find peace in our self and that can lead us in rational state or mind We must not involve in corruption Allah had forbid us from practicing bribery and swindle money. The practice of bribery involves power abuse or profit gaining which contradicts to human law and moral. In this movie, the warden is corrupt and takes bribes. The Warden makes a plan to send the prisoners out on a community service program. The warden then takes bribes from other construction companies because the inmates are taking job away from these companies. He then asked Andy to launder money for the warden by setting up many account in different banks using a false identity he create. From Islamic point of view accept a bribe in any form and in any circumstances is forbidden. It is also haram to give a bribe to someone else as this is to get something which is the right of someone else. Therefore it is our interest to avoid involving in corruption Do not involve in killing or murder It is not allowed to murder anyone who is innocent of any crime. In Islam if we kill someone who ids innocent we are committing a huge sin. In this movie, the warden had killed Tommy because Tommy is a key escape for Andy as he knows the real person who actually murders Andys wife and her lover. Tommy had heart his previous cellmate told him about shooting a couple in a club house and later on his husband gets blamed. Andy than told the warden what he just knew , warden then had Tommy shot to death and tell everyone he got shot when he was trying to escape. The rationale behind his action is he dont want Andy to release and tell the authority about the money laundering and murder in the prison. The main storyline about this Shawshank Redemption The story is about a banker named Andy Dufresne that works in Maine. He has been convicted of murdering his wife and her professional golfer lover. He was announced guilty and sent to the dangerous Shawshank Prison. He feels lonely and isolated at first. He then befriends a fellow inmate that had been convicted for a long time named Red. Red befriend with him because Red can sense there is something in Andy. Red has the capability to smuggle in things into the prison. Andys first request made to Red is a rock hammer and he said that he like to collect rocks and sculpting as a hobby but Red thinks that Andy will use the rock hammer as a tool to escape from the prison. Next, he requests a poster. Overtime, Andy befriend prison guards and give them his skill in financial as an advisor to them. One particular guard has an eye for him to use Andy for his benefit which is to use Andy bookkeeping skill in order to organize a money laundering scheme for him, so that he can use the laundered money after he retires. Andy takes up project expand the prison library by writing letters to Maine state senate for funds. When the library has more resources and materials, he also helps the other fellow inmates to get their high school diplomas. One day, a new and young inmate, Tommy, arrived at Shawshank. He tells Andy that in other prison he overhears that there is one prisoner has killed a bankers wife and her professional golfer lover. Then the murder was framed on Andy. Andy tells the warden about the new information but the warden is having a doubt about it. Norton Warden shot Tommy to death because he afraid that Andy will reveal the laundering scheme that he and Andy are doing together. Since Andy does not have a new witnessed for his new trial, he does not want to help Norton Warden with his scam anymore but the he is trying to threaten Andy by destroying the prison library. Next thing, Andy is gone from Shawshank prison. He had escaped by digging his way out of the wall using his rock hammer and the escape hole has been hidden behind a poster. Andys escape took around 20 years for him to be free from the prison. Then, Andy takes money from Warden Nortons scam under the named registered for Randall Stephens and leaves the town. Norton Warden commits suicide by pulling a trigger up to his chin after he found out that Andy used him. Red received an empty postcard from Fort Hancock, Texas and Red interpret it is from Andy that has made it into Mexico and gain his freedom. Furthermore, red passes his parole board and he works at a grocery store and lives in a halfway house. One day, he bought a compass from a pawn shop and follows Andys instructions for him to find a small box under a large black stone. The box contains a huge amount of money and direction to find Andys current location. Red bailed his parole and leaves the halfway house and he takes a bus to Fort Hancock, crosses Mexico and reunited with his friend, Andy again. The main character of the Shawshank Redemption The main characters for this movie are Andy Dufresne and Ellis Boyd Redding or also to be known as Red. The differences among the main characters of this movie All of the two main characters are male as portrayed in the movie and they are all having different character. Andy Dufresne is white people and Red is black or African American. There are no statements in the movie that show each of the character age. The descriptions of each character are as follows. Firstly, Andy Dufresne possessed the banking skills since he works in a bank at Maine. It has been shown at the beginning of the movie. Since he has the skill in the banking field, he also helps the prison guards by giving financial advice to them. He also is being in charge to get the fund for the expansion of the prison library by writing the letter to the Maine state senate. Besides that, he does not mind to lend a helping hand and it can be shown when Andy helps one of the guards, Warden Norton in laundering Nortons money. Furthermore, he helps fellow inmates to gain their high school diplomas. It can be seen that Andy has a kind heart when it comes to help others. Moreover, Andy is a creative person. It is because he uses only the hammer rock that usually used by the geologist for collecting rocks and sculpting as his escape to freedom tool. He also hid his escape hole using the poster that he request from Red. So, it is one of his creative ways to escape that he kept it for himself. Secondly, Red is the second main character in this movie. Red is seen to be gaining some respect by others because he has the capability to smuggle thing into the prison. He is also one of the first Andys friends in the prison because he sees something in Andy when he first meets him. Besides that, when Andy escaped from the prison, he misses Andy. It shows that he values the friendship that he has with Andy. He is a secret keeper for Andy as an example, Andy launders money for Warden Norton by creating a fraud account under the name Randall Stephens and Andy only shares this information with Andy alone. What are attitudes can you identify in the main characters? Andy Strong minded Andy is said to have a strong minded because he has his plan in mind and stick to it until the end. He knows that any action or plan he makes have a consequences and he is willing to take the risk. It also means here that Andy is a determined person. He is determined to escape from the prison and have had plan everything for it, waiting only for the execution. Self control Self control is when someone can control his emotions, attitudes and behavior .Andy has a high level of self control. Though he was convicted for crime he did not commit, he did not portray any attitudes or behavior that is rebellious. He only obeys to what he is commanded to do and show no sign to opposing it. One example , is when Andy first night at Shawshank, he did even make a sound, means, he does break into tears despite knowing the fact that he will be spending his life as prisoners. Caring and empathetic Andy is someone who is kind and concern for others well being. Andy cares for the people around him including Red and Brooks. When Red was rejected for parol, Andy gave him a harmonica as a present for him and to encourage him not to lose hope. This shows that he cares about Red and wants him to have a sense of hope to be freed. He also cares for Brooks when Brooks go crazy after knowing he will be released from Shawshank, he calm Brookds down when Brooks was so down. This shows Andy concern for Optimistic Andy is an optimistic person. He is hopeful and has faith in his future. Andy not only instills this hope to himself but to others around him as well, especially Red. He is confident that he will have a better future by escaping the prison and he is optimist that his plan will succeed. Kind Andy is warm and kind hearted person. He helps out the new inmates named Tommy to go through a exam. Andy is willing to spend his time teaching Tommy how to read. Determined Andy is a very determined person. We can see his determination throughout the entire movie. First he is determined to escape from the prison with the plan he already have on mind. Secondly, he is so determined, that he actually, digs out tiny piece of wall every night. Andy did not gave up when he tried to ask for donations and fund for the library even it was rejected many time, he persistently, wrote a letter to the authority until it was approved. Red Friendly Red is seen as a friendly person, as he has a bunch of friends whom he always hangs out with and he also approaches Andy, Red and Andy slowly become friends. Red is also the one who knows most of the inmates there though he may not necessarily befriend with them. One example is when Red they labeled Red as a man who can gets anything from anybody. This indicates that he has many connections and friends inside Shawshank Helpful Red is a helpful person as he often helps Andy whenever Andy needs something such as when he needs rock hammer and poster of Rita Hayworth. Andy does sometimes seek opinion and advice from him. Red too often helps Andy in whatever Andy is doing, such as when they renovate the library and when Andy provide financial assistant to the guards, Red was his assistant. This shows that Red is a very helpful person. Loyal Red is a loyal friend and supporter of Andy. Red is always there for Andy to shares stories, talk about their past and future. Red has become Andy friend throughout Andys life in prison. Towards the end of the movie, one evident shows that Red is loyal is when he went to the place mentioned by Andy to collect what is left by Andy, he then visit Andy in Zihuatanejo . They then happily reunited. Humour Red can be considered as a person who has a sense of humor. When they gather among them, there will be laughter and giggling. This is an important trait as it will reduce boredom and tense among one another. What emotions and mood can be portrayed in the movie? Were the emotions and mood easily to see or did you have to guess from the evidence from the scene? Explain your answer. There are few emotions and moods portrayed in this movie. Some of the emotions can be detected easily while some have requires an interpretation and deep understanding. There are emotions portrayed in this movie have high negative affect such as tense, and nervous. The first emotion that I would like to highlight first is tense. There were quiet a number of scene of beating violently. The first scene is when the new inmates broke into tears and plead to release him, the guards, drag him out of his cell and beats him till he dies. This scene is very emotional. There is also a scene where a man gets shot by the warden. This emotion was not so easy to perceived, as when the new inmates got beaten, the others can feel the sense of tense hearing him screaming for his life, though it does not show their expression directly, we know they acknowledge presence of tense by the look in their eyes. Emotion such as worry and suspend can also be found in this movie. The scene when the warden did a spot check in every cell to check if there is any illegal item they keep, when it was Andy turns, though he does not show it obviously, there is a presence of worry in him, worry that his illegal item will be found by the warden, the climax of this part is when the warden asked him for the book he holds, Andy then passed the book to warden, this is when Andy looks worried, because he may have hid his rock hammer inside the book, which he actually did, shown towards the end part of the movie. Upset is another example of high positive affect. Andy was very upset when Tommy was killed, because that is the only chance he could get escaped but the warden killed Tommy so Andy will have no chance to be released. Andy frustration can also be easily detected when he expressed it in his face. Low negative affect emotions such as relaxed can also be found in this movie. The emotions relaxed is when Andy and his friend get to drink cold beer at the roof top given by the warden as a compensation for the advice Andy gave to him. This emotion of relaxed and calm can easily be seen by their action and behavior which is laid back, chilling and relaxed enjoying their free beer. Low positive affect emotion is also visible such as depressed. This can also be easily seen when Andy got lock up in the isolated and dark cell for weeks. When he was in there he look depressed. This depression can easily be perceived. What sort of personality type can you identify from the character in the movie? Andy personality type in the movie Shawshank Redemption can be classified into Introverted, Intuitive, thinking and judging (INTJ). Andy is an introverted person. Andy is a a private and quiet person. Andy is someone who is concerned of the inner world of his mind. He does a lot of thinking, exploring his own thought and emotions. Moreover, he is not really a outgoing person, he is often around his group of friends and especially with Red. Andy is an intuitive person. Andy focus is on the big picture. For example, Andy believes that will get out from the Shawshank prison even without having any reason or evidence for that belief. This shows that Andy rely on his intuitions. Andy is also a thinking type of person. We can see that he often analyze the situation before executing any of his plans. Andy is often cool, strong minded and analytical, this attitude is consistent with his thinking personality type. Judging. Andy preferred to have a control of things that is going on around him . Based on these personality types we can say that Andy is independent and brilliant. He is often innovative and creative. The dark side of this type of personality is INTJ person are a very private person and less likely to share ideas to other. This exactly reflects Andy Dufresne character. Red personality type is total opposite from Andy which is extroverted, sensing, feeling and perceiving (ESFP). Red is an extroverted person. He is friendly and can easily make friends. He has a lot of friends in Shawshank. As evident from the movie, he is the one who first approach Andy. Red is someone who only cares or concern about what is going on at present. Therefore we can say that Red is sensing type of person. Sensing is a type of person who prefers routine and order. In the movie Shawshank Redemption we can see that Red is comfortable with the routine activities he did every day. Red is also a feeling type of person. Red is a person who makes decision based on what he thinks people care about. For example, in Red parole interview he often answers to the interviewer based on what he thinks the interviewers wants to hear. Red is a perceiving .He is flexible and spontaneous. Based on Red personality type we can conclude that Red is a person who is fun to be with, friendly, warm and love to make others happy. Perceptual bias Yes they were perceptual biases in this movie Availability Bias Availability Bias is a tendency for people to based judgment on information that is readily available to them. In the movie Shawshank Redemption, the availability bias scenario is when Red visit the authorities of the prison for a parole interview. When he was asked by one of them whether he already feel rehabilitated Red answered to them Yes, I am honestly feeling a changed man, I am no danger to society, and thats Gods honest truth and I am absolutely rehabilitated. However his parole was rejected twice by the officer. This indicates that the authorities interview Red was making decision based on availability bias, they make decision based on what is readily available at that time which is in this case how Red answered their question. The authorities do not consider the fact that he has been doing good and well behaved in prison all this while. Decision making process In the movie Shawshank Redemption, they are some important decision were made but the decision was not made based on the decision making process primarily based on Intuition. Intuition is instinctive and unconscious knowing without reasoning. In the movie Shawshank Redemption, there are few scene showing how Andy make instant or unconscious decision based on his guts feeling, for example in the scene when Andy was trying to carve his name on the cell wall, and later large piece of wall breaks off and fell and at that tim Andy start formulating his plan to escape. When Andy gave an advice to the guards Captain named Hadley, later on Hadley noticed that Andy was good in numbers and that will benefit all the other guards. Andy might not know this would be a good opportunity for him to execute his plan without suspicions. It is based on Andys own gut feeling or intuition for seeking out opportunities, even though he does not know where his plan is going to lead. Andy does what he needs t o do and are not afraid of taking risk in everything he does. Motivational theories Self-determination Theory Self-determination Theory is a theory concerned with beneficial effect of intrinsic motivation and harmful effects of extrinsic motivation. Self-determination theories propose that people prefer to feel they have control over their action. In the movie Shawshank Redemption we can see that Andy is portraying a character of a self determined person, however Andy in this movie is motivated by both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. Intrinsic rewards is when a person enjoy in doing what he is doing and does not concern about praising or rewards. Evident from this movie that shows Andy is motivated by intrinsic effects is when he help the guards by giving them advise, we can see that he clearly sincere in doing it because it is his expertise though we know Andy have hidden intention behind. Evident based on extrinsic rewards is when he become the accountant for the warden and he help warden in swindling money by creating account with different names, he did this for extrinsic rewards that i s his hidden intention to reveal the warden practice of corruption when he escape from the jail later, by obeying to warden order, he knew he will gain trust from the warden which will benefit in executing his plan. x. Was teamwork applied in the movie? If no, why do you say that? If yes, do you think the team was effective? Yes, we can see that they had applied teamwork in this movie. The teamwork can be seen clearly when they are trying to smuggle illegal item from outside. Moreover, in this movie, their teamwork very effective and efficient because they do not get caught when smuggling illegal item from outside into the prison. However, Ellis Red Reddings who is the leader of smuggler have good relationship with the officer and have friends who is cooperate with him very well. We can conclude it as the successful team when the teams are assertive and a trust among them. This team also shows individual with technical expertise as well as most of them are conscientiousness and openness. When they are trying to smuggle the illegal item, they have members who fill the role and prefer to be part of their group. They are able to complete the task without get caught or knowing of the warden. Apparently, when Andy Dufresne asking about the photo of one of popular artist, Ellis Red Reddings trying hard to smug gle the photo and pass through the one of their friends who do the books keeper every week. Clearly, they have developed a good team and effective. It gives exciting and satisfying also trust for the each member of the teamwork. On the other hand, there is one thing that Andy Dufresne wants to bring different in the prisoner. He tries to renovate bookstore into library which is first and foremost library in the prisoner. They cooperates each other and the team work efficiently and successfully build a new mini library as they believe they can succeed. However, they are facing many difficulties to build the library. All the teams contribute their physical and technical expertise to make it work. When all of them succeed to make a mini library with their effort, they have opportunity for personal development of itself and there are very satisfying and get rewarding experience. From Islamic perspective, depending upon their teamwork, clearly they are practicing good moral valu How Effective is Metadata? How Effective is Metadata? ABSTRACT: In a highly growing technological world, large organizations deal with huge amount of information. With this rapid growth the retrieval of historical information has become a compulsory task for the decision makers. Here is where data warehouse comes into play. Data warehouse is a collection of integrated databases designed to support managerial decision making and problem solving functions. Metadata is one of the most important feature available in data warehouse. In this paper we are going to explain how effective is metadata in data warehouse and how it helps in improvising the performance measures of the data warehouse making it highly efficient. INTRODUCTION: Retrieving the required information from data warehouse without metadata will be a daunting task. metadata is a small piece of data which tells the decision making analysts what kind of data is it and where it is stored. Thus making the task easy and time saving. Metadata has a significant role in data warehouse. There are of two parts front room and back room metadata. The back room metadata helps in extraction, cleaning and loading. the front room metadata is descriptive type helping in smooth functioning. While creating the data warehouse for large organizations one or more meta data has to be stored, for this meta model is been created. Meta model is a conceptual model for metadata database where meta data of a warehouse are stored. It renders detailed description of metadata units and their relationship existing between them. The metadata type and their abstraction level has a direct impact on building a meta model. Meta data management system mostly follows the federal structur e (i.e.) combining the advantages of both centralized and distributed structures enabling a variety of meta database for storage. Meta model should be highly scalable so that when the application requirements change the users can customize the application specific component of metadata. EFFECTS OF METADATA ON DATA WAREHOUSE: Metadata and its management play a very important role in data warehouse system. When a user needs to access a data in data warehouse, he first looks into the metadata for where it is located in that cluster of information. What if the metadata is not present, the user has to skim through the whole information to find out his required information which is practically an impossible task. Thus metadata showing up to be highly efficient in data warehouse. In context with data warehouse, metadata is majorly classified as business, technical and operational meta data. Business metadata explains about business definition, policies and others. Technical metadata has all technical information such as db. system names, tables, columns names, data types and values. Whereas operational metadata shows the currency of data. Meta data also ensures code reusability, accuracy, consistency and integrity of the system. It highly supports the development, maintenance and upgradation of Data warehouse. LIMITATIONS: When different layers of metadata fail to communicate and update successfully, the users will land up in wrong search of data. SOLUTION: A proper maintenance should be done on a timely basis and a notification mechanism should be initiated whenever such updating does not take place to ensure that metadata has updated and works fine. A good quality data warehouse should ensure good performance measures such as quality control, confidentiality of data, integrity, availability etc. Here we are going to see how metadata is playing a vital role in improvising the performance measures of data warehouse. QUALITY CONTROL BY METADATA: Implementation of data warehouse is a most efficient solution for decision makers. In some cases, data warehouse fails to meet the requirements due to lack of data quality. The major area where the data quality fails is while integrating the input sources. In a metadata quality control system, initially the demands for quality are gathered from the user and then convert these requirements into specifications. These specifications are added to metadata. Along with this metadata, total data warehouse architecture is combined so the data is examined along the dataflow. This security mechanism is implemented in metadata since the metadata repository is responsible for each and every characteristic of data present in the warehouse. Hence applying quality demands in metadata helps to rectify the quality issues in data warehouse. ADVANTAGES: The quality demands of the user are satisfied, efficiency is improved, performance measure is boosted. LIMITATION: Firstly, though the quality control measure is applied in the initial stage, the data after stored in the warehouse do not guarantee the same quality. secondly, there is a slight modification in the warehouse architecture in accordance to the quality control model which may affect the performance of the warehouse. SOLUTION: A proper quality check should be carried out even after the data is stored in warehouse by involving quality maintenances in warehouse and also before involving modification in warehouse architecture the performance measure is to be checked so that it does not affect the efficiency. SECURITY MEASURES BY METADATA: A high quality data warehouse should have highly confidential storage system. Security is more important in this competitive world where hacking of information no more a big deal. Data warehouse is an inaccessible system providing huge of amount of data easily available for users. Security aspects are considered before building the data warehouse and inserted in the metadata in the architecture.so the user will be restricted to only a particular area where the access is provided, the rest data cannot be accessed unless proper authentication is provided. Inserting security measures after developing data warehouse will not be that effective and cost efficient. We apply security measure in metadata since applying it to the other parts will affect the performance of data warehouse and also it wont end up in an efficient way. ADVANTAGES: Confidentiality of the data is maintained, illegal authentication is prohibited, increases the performance. LIMITATION: This security model is advantageous for those kind of data whose content is described by metadata and also it restricts the access to users, so the users end up making decision with the available decision thus indirectly affecting the performance of data warehouse. SOLUTION: Rather than giving authentication to a area, security system should be designed in such a way that only highly trusted users are let in the warehouse and are allowed to migrate throughout the system and make the better decision by considering all the available data. CRITICAL REASONING: For large organizations, metadata management is of great importance and great potential. Metadata not only provide information about the data in warehouse but also, helps in boosting various performance measures by which the user requirements are satisfied. By improving the quality of the data, consistency and efficiency is maintained in warehouse. By providing a secured data to the users as per their demands increases the performance of the warehouse. Other security measures and quality control measures involves more complexity than that of one involving metadata. So, using metadata would be a simple and prudent choice. CONCLUSION: In this goal, driven business environment, it is important to serve the demands of the user rather than giving them a comprehensive result. Metadata is a small part in data warehouse architecture but in turn provides huge effects in functioning. Meta data gives meaning to data and adds clarity to the users. hereby we summarize the effects of metadata in data warehouse and how it helps in improving the performance measures of warehouse. This performance improvement techniques using metadata is not widely followed because of lack of understanding of importance of metadata and, the metadata management has higher degree of complexity. So, by this we get to know that metadata is essential and highly effective in data warehousing.

See Candies International Candy Making Business

See Candies International Candy Making Business The Organization See’s Candies is founded and headquartered in America, California and it has more than 200 shops across America. For more than 90 years, Sees Candies has been enthusiastic on making candy in Mary Sees way. See’s Candies only uses the freshest and finest ingredients in making each recipe. There are no preservatives added to the candy. The quality of the candies can be tasted in every piece. It is well-known for tastiness, with the pleasantest customer service since the year of 1921.Today, there are 100 different candies and chocolates provided by See’s Candies. There are international store in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Japan. The Product Line As See’s Candies had successfully run manufacture and retail candies and chocolates in America and some of the Asia countries, there is an opportunity to continuously enter various countries with their products. There are several candies and chocolates which provided/manufactured by See’s Candies. As mentioned, See’s Candies has 100 different candies and chocolates, therefore, See’s Candies can attract the new market by their best seller product. The best seller of See’s Candies included Nuts and Chew, Toffee-ettes, Sugar-free Peanut Brittles and so on. The best seller products that mentioned have potential to be distinguished in the market as it has consumer intentions. Hence, the candies and chocolates product lines have the potential to be lucrative for See’s Candies as it continues open global market.   Market Opportunity Analysis-PEST The selection of potential market is an important decision which needed to take by See’s Candy to search for most suitable market. There are few factors that See’s Candy need to include in their consideration which are political, economic, social and technological. Target Market According to PEST analysis, it designates some factors that See’s Candies needs to consider before entering into certain market. Malaysia is a potential and probable markets that See’s Candies to expand their business successfully. For the political factors, the law of Malaysia is lenient after comparing with other countries. Furthermore, the ingredients used by See’s Candies are certified with Food and Drug Administration Guidelines. For the economic factors, Malaysia is in a stabilize economy lately. It provides a good opportunity for See’s Candies to enter Malaysia. Besides, for the social factors, although Malaysia is a multicultural country but people in Malaysia have the same penchants. Therefore, it creates a good opportunity for See’s Candies to target market in Malaysia. Finally, for the technology factors, even though Malaysia is a developing country, but the technology is sufficient to support the operation of company. Hence, Malaysia is a good market for See’s Candies to penetrate. Entry Mode There are numerous entry modes for See’s Candies to enter to the market of Malaysia. However, the preference choice for See’s Candies to enter the market of Malaysia is direct export. Direct export is a condition in which products of a company is sold right away to customers in another country deprived of using another organization or person to make provisions for them (Kotabe, 2005). The advantages for company in using direct export is it gains grander profit as it excluded most of the mediators. Besides, it controls the overall aspects and transactions. Direct export allows company to have better interaction in order to have better understanding towards their customer. The advantages that stated above shows how direct export well fitted with See’s Candies very much. Production Site Production site is where the company manufactures their product. As See’s Candies based in California, it is difficult to direct export the products to Malaysia due to the long distance and the quality of the product might be affected. Hence, See’s Candies should set up a new foreign production site in order to reach Asia countries including Malaysia. As mentioned, See’s Candies had opened the market in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Japan. Hence, See’s Candies should build up a production site in Japan as it is one of the Asia countries which already selling product of See’s Candies. Japan is one of the Asia countries which in the same continents with Malaysia. It can shorten the distance between these two countries to be compared with the home country of See’s Candies. It relatively caused the deduction of price in transporting the products to Malaysia. Besides, the high labour skill in Japan helps in the growth of the global market in Asia. As Japan is a developed country, its technology is sufficient for the process of production. The raw material of See’s Candies can be easily found in Japan or it can also be imported from foreign countries. Therefore, Japan would be the best choice for See’s Candies as production site as it benefits See Candies in the phrase of global market. The diagram above shows the distribution channel that See’s Candies needed to go through in order to deliver their product to their end users. The production of the products is held in Japan as mentioned previously. After the production, the products will directly send to the port and export to the target market Malaysia. After the products arrived to the port in Malaysia, the products will be promoted to wholesalers by agency agents. Agents are a representative that assists in a business in transporting and selling their products in other countries (Coble, 2006). They might be paid the sales commission by the company or they hold distribution rights for specific products. The products are will be sold to the wholesalers that introduced by the agents who have good understanding about the market. Wholesaler is an intermediary individual who in thedistribution channelthat usually buys products in bulk the products separately to resellers instead of selling directly to the customers (Ward, 2014). For instance, the wholesaler will sell the products to retail stores, supermarket or so on. After that, consumers are able to bargain the product and purchase the product. These are the whole channels that See’s Candies needs to go through in order to deliver the product to the consumers. As for See’s Candies, a reliable and responsible distributor must be found so their product can be distributed over the target market in Malaysia. International Marketing Strategy Export price decision Price Policy: The price policy is the rule for a company to determine the selling price of the products or services (Investorwords, n.d.). For See’s Candies, the pricing policy will be â€Å"export prices higher than domestic price†. According to Albeum, G. and Duerr, E. (2011), this is a way for See’s Candies to have extra investment but, it also leads to extra expenses, slower turnover and several risks. However, this pricing strategy restricted distributers to export prices lower than domestic price in order to avoid dumping issue. This pricing policy can create a higher value for the exported products. Price Strategy: The price strategy is the method of determining the selling price of the products or services for a company(Suttle, n.d.). Among the pricing strategies, skimming will be the best method for See’s Candies. Price skimming is after a product is released, high price will be offered and the price will be lowered in the products life cycle in later time or when competition starts entering the market (Brookins, n.d.). Products which use price skimming strategy usually alleged as high-quality products. Therefore, in order to enter the market of Malaysia, it can be a product image with this pricing strategy. However, the price will be subjected by the competitors in the market. Incoterms: The incoterms of See’s Candies will be CPT (Carriage Paid To). For this incoterm, the seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the shipper. The costs carriage necessary to deliver products to the destination will be paid by the seller too. However, the buyers have to bear on the risk of loss and any additional costs which occurred after the products are delivered (International Chamber of Commerce, n.d.). Although See’s Candies have to pay more on costs for CPT to be compared with CIF (cost, insurance, freight), but this will be less risky when See’s Candies exporting the products to other countries. Hence, this is the best choice for See’s Candies to reduce the rick during the delivery of the exported product to the other countries. Export Product For the export product of See’s Candies, product standardization marketing strategies will be used. According Acevedo (n.d.), product standardization is an effective technique to decrease costs and upsurge the quality of product by diminishing the differences in the products. In this strategy, it designates that See’s Candies should produce the product in existing way and identical with the original product. Standardization brings cost saving in the packaging of the products. The quality of the products can be controlled with standardization. Therefore, product standardization marketing strategies is the best strategy for See’s Candies in entering the target market. Export Promotion For See’s Candies, pull strategy can be used for export promotion. In this strategy, the information of the product will be known in certain way, and they will seek for the product by themselves. In this case, See’s Candies should choose the publicity to promote their product. Even though publicity somehow seems to be in push strategy, but for this case, it is more likely to pull strategy. According to BusinessDictionary.com (2014), publicity is a foundation to distribute information. Compared to other methods, publicity is not focuses on the products, but generally cover others related areas which included the status of company, market expansion at cetera. The cost of this promotion tool might be high and the content of publicity is written by the media but not the company itself, therefore there is no payment needed in this phrase. The content of publicity will be more reliable and objective because there is no commercial purpose because the media is the third among t he company itself and customers (Albeum, G. and Duerr, E., 2011). Therefore, for See’s Candies, publicity is the best promotion tool because it is more reliable for the customers and it brings brand awareness in target market Malaysia. Price Arrangement The international trade is happened between two differ countries, the terms of payment is important decision for both importer and exporter which will affect the price mentioned. For Big Red Inc, it is delightful if the company select the â€Å"letter of credit† payment terms among the all eight payment terms. Letter of credit is a letter issuing from bank to another bank especially in foreign country which assurance the payment of buyer to a seller will be received on time which in the sum of the amount (Lorette, n.d.). When the buyers are not able to clear the payment of trade, the bank is required to pay the remaining amount of payment towards the purchase. There are two segments in this payment term which are issuance and payments. The first step of the process of issuance involved the importer and exporter while dealing with the agreement. In this stage, it is all about the relationship between beneficiary (issuing bank) and client (advising bank). The importer will appeal quotation letter from the beneficiary. The beneficiary will communicate with the client after that. Lastly, the client will give advices to the exporter. After that, the total payment of the purchase will be cleared. The shipment of the products will be ship from the exporter to the importer. After that, the draft, tittle and document will be handover to the client. The beneficiary will pay for the importer, then the draft, tittle and document will be transfer to the client. The importer needs to settle the bill from the beneficiary to get the draft, title and document. This is the process of letter of credit which needs to go through. There are advantages in letter of credit for importer and exporter. The exporter able to reduce risk, receive payment during the shipment of the products so that they can able to calculate the payment accurately. The importer is able to control the time period of shipping the products and establish their affluence. No payment is needed to pay by importer before receiving the products. Since this payment method benefits both exporter and importer, therefore, this is the choice of payment methods for See’s Candies in this phrase. Total Capital Budget The project for See’s Candies will be estimated to last 4 years in the Malaysia market with the budget of USD10, 000,000 which stated in Table 1. Including the expenses and additional costs, the selling price will be USD10 which is around RM33. The estimated sales for the 4 years of operation will be 85,000,000 units, which will generate total income of USD 85,000,000.00 (stated in Table 3). The cost of goods sold is the 40% (USD 1,200,000.00) of the total income and total expense will be USD 3,950, 000 (stated in Table 2) The return of investment (ROI) will be 196.50% and the predicted total profit for See’s Candies will be USD 19,650,000. In a nutshell, 142,858 units of product must be sold See’s Candies in order to reach the break-even point.

Shakespeares Hamlet - A Clear Revenge Tragedy? Essay -- Revenge Veng

Hamlet – a Revenge Tragedy?  Ã‚        Ã‚   Most of the revenge-tragic aspect of the Shakespearean play Hamlet is explicitly presented. Some is disguised as straight tragedy, for example, Ophelia’s insanity and death; and some is implied tragedy found in the history of verbal allusions.    In the essay â€Å"An Explication of the Player’s Speech,† Harry Levin discusses the implied tragic dimension of the â€Å"Hecuba† soliloquy:    But the lyrical note can prevail no more than the epical, since Shakespeare’s form is basically tragic; and here his classical model is indicated when Polonius, introducing the Players, warns: â€Å"Seneca cannot be too heavy.† From â€Å"English Seneca read by candlelight,† according to Thomas Nashe, playwrights were lifting handfuls – or were they Hamlets? – of â€Å"tragical speeches.† (31)    Howard Felperin sees in Hamlet a return to the once-extinct revenge play (Felperin 105). Although defunct for awhile, the revenge tragedy resurrected prior to the date of Hamlet’s composition.    The prince has a possible motive for revenge from the very outset: he is dejected by the â€Å"o’erhasty marriage† of his mother to his uncle. Hamlet’s first soliloquy sees the expression of his negative feelings and their growth in intensity; it emphasizes the corruption of the world and the frailty of women:    Must I remember? why, she would hang on him,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As if increase of appetite had grown   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By what it fed on: and yet, within a month—   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Let me not think on't--Frailty, thy name is woman!—(1.2)   Ã‚   Based on the meeting of the hero and Horatio, A.C. Bradley in Shakespearean Tragedy presents convincing evidence of the depth of the hero’s melancholy – is it potent enough to perform rev... ...ry Rhetoric in the Renaissance. N.p.: Yale University Press, 1976.    Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.    Mack, Maynard. â€Å"The World of Hamlet.† Yale Review. vol. 41 (1952) p. 502-23. Rpt. in Shakespeare: Modern Essays in Criticism. Rev. ed. Ed. Leonard F. Dean. New York: Oxford University P., 1967.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html No line nos.    Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. â€Å"Hamlet: A Man Who Thinks Before He Acts.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Ed. Louis B. Wright and Virginia A. LaMar. N. p.: Pocket Books, 1958.